7 Types Of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is arguably the most amazing innovation to date. Although all kinds of artificial intelligence products have appeared on the market, this is only the tip of the iceberg. Artificial intelligence has been integrated into our lives, even if it is still in the early stages of development, it has brought a revolutionary impact to society.
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the continuous enhancement of its performance, people’s pursuit of artificial intelligence has reached a level of obsession. In addition, the changes that artificial intelligence has brought to different industries have made business leaders and the public mistakenly believe that we are about to reach the peak of artificial intelligence research and maximize the potential of artificial intelligence. But what is the future of artificial intelligence? On the long road of artificial intelligence research, in order not to blindly and not get lost, we need to understand clearly the types of artificial intelligence and what capabilities existing artificial intelligence have.
The purpose of artificial intelligence is to make machines imitate human functions, so the degree to which artificial intelligence systems can replicate human abilities is used as a criterion for judging the level/type of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence that can perform more human-like functions and has the same level of proficiency will be regarded as a more evolved type of artificial intelligence, while artificial intelligence with limited functions and performance will be regarded as a simpler and more advanced type Lower type.
Based on this standard, artificial intelligence usually has two classification methods. One is to classify based on the similarity of the thinking of machines and humans, that is, to imitate the ability of humans to “think” or even “feel”. According to this standard classification, there are four types of artificial intelligence: reaction machines, limited memory machines, intelligent artificial intelligence and autonomous artificial intelligence.
1. reaction machine
This is the most primitive artificial intelligence system, and their capabilities are extremely limited. They mimic the human brain’s response to various stimuli. These machines have no memory capabilities. This means that they cannot “accumulate” previously acquired experience to guide current operations, that is, these machines have no “learning” ability. These machines can only be used to automatically respond to one or more sets of inputs. A typical example of a reactive artificial intelligence machine is IBM’s Deep Blue, which defeated the chess master Garry Kasparov in 1997.
2. Limited memory machine
In addition to the function of a reaction machine, a machine with limited memory (or limited memory) can also learn decisions from historical data. All current artificial intelligence systems, such as those that use deep learning, learn through a large amount of training data stored in memory, and finally form a reference model to solve future problems. For example, image recognition AI trains thousands of pictures and tags to recognize scanned objects. When the trained artificial intelligence model scans other images, it will label the new image according to the “learning experience”. As the training samples increase, the accuracy of AI recognition becomes higher and higher.
Almost all artificial intelligence applications today, from chatbots, virtual assistants and even self-driving cars, are based on artificial intelligence with limited memory.
3. Intelligent artificial intelligence
Today the first two types of artificial intelligence already exist and are widely used. Then the next stage of AI development will appear thinking consciousness. Although this is just a concept, researchers are innovating. Intelligent artificial intelligence is the higher level of artificial intelligence system. Thinking-conscious artificial intelligence can better interact with each other by identifying and understanding the needs, emotions, beliefs, and thinking processes of the other party. At present, the field of emotional intelligence has emerged, but to realize intelligent artificial intelligence, it is inseparable from the common development of related disciplines and interdisciplinary fields.
4. Autonomous artificial intelligence
This is the highest stage of artificial intelligence development. Self-aware AI, literally speaking, is an artificial intelligence that has evolved to be very similar to the human brain, and even developed autonomous consciousness. Perhaps the creation of this type of artificial intelligence, even if it does not take hundreds of years, will take decades to achieve. This will become the ultimate goal of all artificial intelligence research.
This type of artificial intelligence can not only understand and evoke the emotions of the people interacting with it, but also have its own emotions, needs, beliefs and potential desires. And this type of artificial intelligence is exactly what the doomsdayers worry about. The development of AI autonomous consciousness may promote the progress of human civilization, and may also bring disaster to society. Because once artificial intelligence has autonomous consciousness, it is very likely to easily acquire human wisdom and plan or even take over human beings by itself.
Another classification system is to divide artificial intelligence technology into artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), general artificial intelligence (AGI) and artificial super intelligence (ASI).
5. Artificial narrow intelligence
This type of artificial intelligence represents the existing artificial intelligence, including the most complex and capable artificial intelligence to date. Artificial narrow intelligence refers to an artificial intelligence system that can only use human-like functions to autonomously perform specific tasks. These machines can only do well-programmed things, so their capabilities are very limited. According to the former classification system, these systems correspond to all reactive and limited memory AIs. Even artificial intelligence that uses complex machine learning and deep learning belongs to ANI.
6. General Artificial Intelligence
General artificial intelligence refers to the ability of artificial intelligence to learn, perceive, understand and work exactly like humans. These systems can complete a variety of tasks independently, greatly reducing the time required for training. By copying various functions of human beings, artificial intelligence systems have the same capabilities as humans.
7. Artificial Super Intelligence
The development of artificial superintelligence may mark the pinnacle of artificial intelligence research, because AGI will become the most capable form of intelligence on earth to date. ASI has more powerful memory, faster data processing, analysis and decision-making capabilities. In addition to replicating the multi-faceted intelligence of humans, ASI will do everything very well (even beyond human level). The so-called “singularity” scene will appear in the development of AGI and ASI. Although the potential of artificial intelligence is very attractive, they may also threaten our survival and at least have a disruptive impact on our lifestyle.
If super artificial intelligence is really realized one day, what will our world look like? Artificial intelligence is still in its infancy, and there is still a long way to go to achieve this goal. For those who hold negative views, it is too early to worry about the emergence of “singularities”, and perhaps it will never happen-and there is still a long time to study the safety of artificial intelligence. For those who are optimistic about artificial intelligence, it can be said that “the road is long and I will search up and down”, and the future of artificial intelligence is even more exciting.
